Animated documentation of the filaria dance sign (FDS) in bancroftian filariasis

Additional File 1:

Transverse scan of left testis. In para-testicular position an enlarged lymphatic vessel can be seen (arrow). One or more adult worms are detectable by their typical movements (filaria dance sign, FDS). The following m-mode imaging presents the dilated lymphatic vessels, containing moving adult worms, as a section marked by the cursor in the b-mode image.

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Additional File 2:

Transverse scan of left testis. The same worm nest as seen in Figure 1A in b-mode imaging. The following use of the Colour Power Doppler shows that this worms nests contains much free lymphatic fluid which induces an irregular red signal due to the worm movements in different parts of the worm nest.

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Additional File 3:

Transverse scan of left testis. The same worm nests as seen in movie 1A and 1B. The caliper marks the position at which the PWD is performed. After switch to the Pulse Wave Doppler-mode the filaria dance sign (FDS) is seen as an undulating band as a function of time, with sharp, irregular peaks (turquoise arrowhead).

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Additional File 4:

Transverse scan of left testis. The b-mode image shows the worm nest (arrow) in para-testicular location with the cursor positioned for the following m-mode image (below and to the left of the main nest, there is another, smaller, nest visible). In the m-mode image the body wall (arrow) of the adult worms is detectable as double layers in form of wavy bands.

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Additional File 5:

Transverse scan of left testis. The same worm nests as seen in movie 2A. In contrast to the worm nest seen in movie 1A-C this worm nest is smaller and contains less lymphatic fluid. The Colour power Doppler-mode shows clearly less red signals than movie 1B.

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Additional File 6:

Transverse scan left normal testis. The same worm nest as seen in movie 2A. The caliper is positioned where the worm nest is located. The following Pulse Wave Doppler-mode confirms the fact that this worm nest is smaller than the one in movie 1A-C as documented by lower peaks, again characterized by the irregular undulating band in contrast to pulsating amplitudes caused by arteries.

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Additional File 7:

Longitudinal scan left testis. A medium sized para-testicular worm nest (arrow) is presented in this b-mode image. The following m-mode section is marked by the positioned cursor at the location of the largest diameter of the worm nest.

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Additional File 8:

Longitudinal scan left testis. The same worm nest as seen in movie 3A. The Colour Doppler-mode presents very few red signals as sign of less lymphatic fluid moved by the adult worms in this dilated lymphatic vessel.

Format: MPG Size: 2.9MB Download file

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Additional File 9:

Longitudinal scan left testis. The same worm nest seen as in movie 3A. The Pulse Wave Doppler-mode confirms the medium sized worm nest by the irregular undulating band caused by the typical movements of the adult worms.

Format: MPG Size: 3MB Download file

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